Final Study Guide Essay Example

Final Study Guide Essay Example Final Study Guide Essay Final Study Guide Essay Essay Topic: The Peloponnesian War HIEU 101 Final Exam Review Sheet Identifications Ionian Revolt Themistocles Pericles Cimon Peloponnesian League Herodotus Thucydides Ephialtes Sophists Satrap Areopagus The Council of the 500 Pisistratus Agoge Stasis Aristagoras The Sixth-Parters The Definition of the Word Tyrant The Peace of Callias The Battle of Marathon Megarian Decree Boards of Ten Parthenon Aristophanes Essays 1 . The great Persian invasion under Xerxes was a crucial factor in cementing the ties of Greek ethnicity and a sense of separation from other peoples. It is no accident that the great playwright Aeschylus asked that his tombstone be engraved only with a ention of participation in the war and was content to omit his dramatic victories. What were the causes of this invasion? What was the Persian strategy? How did the Greeks respond to tne tnreau wnat were tne cruclal Dattles In tne war ana Tlnally why did the Persians fail? 2. The most important political development between the end of the Persian threat in 479 and the last third of the Fifth Century was the development of an Athenian Empire from the Delian League. What were the events connected with the origins of this empire? How did it develop over time? Is there a point at which we can speak of n empire as opposed to an alliance? Finally what sort of political situation did it produce in Greece? 3. Describe the Athenian constitution as it stood at about 440 B. C. What were the most important institutions and what were their powers? Why was the lot used more than election for most offices? Is this a democratic measure, If so, why? : Finally what factors made possible the use of direct democracy at Athens? 4. The development of Athenian democracy can be said to have begun towards the end of the 6th Century with the reforms of Cleisthenes. First, outline the political situation that led Cleisthenes to undertake these reforms. Second, what was the content of these reforms and discuss the difficulties in attributing some of these innovations to Cleisthenes? Lastly, how did these reforms contribute to growth of democracy in Athens? . What were the reasons for the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War? Was the war inevitable? What were the strategies of the respective antagonists at the outbreak of the war? Outline the various phases of the war. What was the crucial development that led to Athenian defeat? Finally politically, what changes did the war ring to structure of inter-state relations? 6. Sparta in the classical period had no parallel among other Greek states. What conditions led to its creation? How did its political system function and what were its component parts? Integral to the success of the political system was an extremely unusual social and economic structure. Describe the components of that structure. In theory both the political and social structure was based on a community of equals, was this in fact true? If it was not, what were the causes of inequality at Sparta? Finally, what was the primary purpose of the Spartan system?